Frontend Roadmap 2025

Frontend Developer Roadmap — 2025 (Extreme)

Step-by-step learning path from beginner → advanced frontend developer. Covers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, frameworks, tooling, testing, performance, accessibility, and more.

34
Sections
40+
Examples
Core
Hooks Covered
Guides
Best Practices

How the Internet Works

Core web fundamentals every frontend developer must understand.

Beginner
2 examples

DNS, IP & Hosting React

Understand how the browser finds your website.

// DNS: Converts domain → IP
www.example.com -> 142.251.46.110

// Hosting: Your website files stored on a server.

HTTP / HTTPS React

Requests, responses, headers, SSL, status codes.

GET /products HTTP/1.1
Host: api.store.com
Accept: application/json

// 200 OK
// 404 Not Found
// 500 Server Error

HTML Core Essentials

Everything needed to write semantic, accessible, SEO-friendly markup.

Beginner
2 examples

Semantic HTML React

Use proper tags for accessibility and SEO.

<header>Site Header</header>
<nav>Main Navigation</nav>
<main>Page Content</main>
<footer>Footer</footer>

Forms & Inputs React

HTML forms, types, validation attributes.

<form>
  <input type="email" required />
  <input type="password" minlength="6" />
  <button>Login</button>
</form>

CSS Fundamentals

Learn visual styling, layout, positioning, and responsive design.

Beginner
2 examples

Selectors, Box Model React

padding, margin, border, content box.

.box {
  padding: 16px;
  margin: 24px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
}

Flexbox React

Modern layout system for alignment.

.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

CSS Grid

Powerful 2D layout system for modern websites.

Intermediate
2 examples

Basic Grid React

Simple responsive grid layout.

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

Advanced Grid Areas React

Create magazine-like layouts.

.layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    'header header'
    'sidebar content'
    'footer footer';
}

Responsive Design

Make websites work on all screen sizes.

Intermediate
2 examples

Media Queries React

Adjust layout for different devices.

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .menu { display: none; }
}

Mobile-first Design React

Start designing for small screens first.

/* Base = mobile */
.container { padding: 1rem; }

/* Bigger screens override */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container { padding: 2rem; }
}

Advanced CSS

Animations, transforms, variables, architecture patterns.

Advanced
2 examples

CSS Variables React

Custom reusable design tokens.

:root {
  --primary: #4f46e5;
}

.button {
  background: var(--primary);
}

Animations & Keyframes React

Create UI motion effects.

@keyframes fade {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to { opacity: 1; }
}

.fade-in { animation: fade 1s ease-in; }

JavaScript Fundamentals

Learn the language of the web: variables, functions, loops.

Beginner
2 examples

Variables & Types React

let, const, primitives, arrays, objects.

const age = 25;
let name = 'John';
const user = { name, age };

Functions & Arrow Syntax React

Compact and clean function syntax.

const sum = (a, b) => a + b;
console.log(sum(3, 5));

DOM Manipulation

Add, edit, or delete elements dynamically.

Beginner
1 examples

Selecting Elements React

querySelector, getElementById, etc.

document.querySelector('.btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
  alert('Clicked!');
});

Modern JavaScript (ES6+)

Promises, async/await, spread, destructuring.

Intermediate
2 examples

Async/Await React

Cleaner async code.

async function loadData() {
  const res = await fetch('/api/data');
  const json = await res.json();
  console.log(json);
}

Destructuring React

Pull data from arrays and objects.

const { name, age } = user;
const [first, second] = items;

TypeScript

Static typing for large-scale frontend apps.

Advanced
2 examples

Interfaces React

Type structure for objects.

interface User {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

const u: User = { name: 'John', age: 20 };

Generics React

Reusable type-safe functions.

function wrap<T>(value: T) {
  return [value];
}

Git & Version Control

Essential skills for working in teams.

Beginner
2 examples

Common Git Commands React

Commit, push, pull, branches.

git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git push origin main

Branches React

Feature-based workflow.

git checkout -b feature/login

Build Tools & Bundlers

Vite, Webpack, Babel, Parcel.

Intermediate
2 examples

Vite Setup React

Fast dev environment.

npm create vite@latest my-app

Webpack Config Example React

Simple Webpack setup.

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/index.js',
  output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }
};

CSS Frameworks

Tailwind, Bootstrap, Material UI.

Intermediate
1 examples

Tailwind Utility Classes React

Fast styling using class utilities.

<button class="px-4 py-2 bg-indigo-600 text-white rounded">Save</button>

UI Component Libraries

shadcn/ui, MUI, Chakra UI, Radix UI.

Intermediate
1 examples

Material UI Button React

Quick example.

import { Button } from '@mui/material';

<Button variant="contained">Click</Button>

React Essentials

Most popular UI library in 2025.

Intermediate
2 examples

Functional Component React

Core React component structure.

function App() {
  return <h1>Hello React</h1>;
}

useState Hook React

Component state.

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

Next.js 15

The meta-framework for modern frontend development.

Advanced
1 examples

Page Component React

App Router example.

export default function Page() {
  return <div>Hello Next.js</div>;
}

Vue.js

Progressive framework for building interfaces.

Intermediate
1 examples

Vue Component React

Simple single-file component.

<template>
  <h1>{{ message }}</h1>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return { message: 'Hello Vue!' };
  }
};
</script>

State Management

Redux, Zustand, Jotai, Recoil.

Advanced
1 examples

Zustand Store React

Minimal state manager.

import create from 'zustand';

const useStore = create(set => ({
  count: 0,
  inc: () => set(s => ({ count: s.count + 1 }))
}));

APIs, REST, GraphQL

Data fetching, caching, API patterns.

Intermediate
2 examples

Fetch API React

Simple data fetch.

fetch('/api/users')
  .then(r => r.json())
  .then(console.log);

GraphQL Query React

Basic example.

{
  user(id: 1) {
    name
    email
  }
}

Authentication & Authorization

JWT, sessions, OAuth, NextAuth.

Advanced
1 examples

JWT Decode React

Reading token payload.

const payload = JSON.parse(atob(token.split('.')[1]));

Testing Frontend Apps

Unit, integration & E2E tests.

Advanced
1 examples

Vitest Test React

Simple example.

import { expect, test } from 'vitest';

test('math', () => {
  expect(2 + 2).toBe(4);
});

Performance Optimization

Improve speed, reduce bundle sizes.

Expert
1 examples

Lazy Loading React

Dynamic imports.

const Lazy = React.lazy(() => import('./HeavyComponent'));

Web Security

XSS, CSRF, HTTPS, content security.

Expert
1 examples

Escape HTML React

Prevent XSS injection.

const safe = str.replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');

Frontend DevOps

CI/CD, hosting, deployment pipelines.

Advanced
1 examples

CI Workflow React

GitHub Actions example.

name: CI
on: push
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

Accessibility (A11Y)

Make websites usable for everyone.

Intermediate
1 examples

ARIA Labels React

Assistive technologies.

<button aria-label="Close menu">X</button>

Frontend SEO

Metadata, performance, structure.

Intermediate
1 examples

Meta Tags React

Basic SEO setup.

<meta name="description" content="Frontend Roadmap 2025" />

Browser APIs

LocalStorage, Clipboard, Notifications.

Intermediate
1 examples

LocalStorage React

Store key-value data.

localStorage.setItem('theme', 'dark');

PWA & Offline Apps

Make apps installable and offline-ready.

Advanced
1 examples

Service Worker Registration React

Enable offline caching.

navigator.serviceWorker.register('/sw.js');

Web Animations

GSAP, Framer Motion, CSS animations.

Intermediate
1 examples

Framer Motion Example React

Simple fade-in.

<motion.div initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }}>Hello</motion.div>

Design Systems

Reusable UI foundations, tokens, components.

Advanced
1 examples

Color Tokens React

Centralized colors.

:root {
  --color-primary: #6366f1;
}

Monorepos

Turborepo, Nx, Yarn Workspaces.

Advanced
1 examples

Turbo.json React

Basic pipeline.

{
  "pipeline": {
    "build": { "outputs": ["dist/**"] }
  }
}

Graphics & WebGL

3D, animations, shaders.

Expert
1 examples

Canvas Example React

Draw a circle.

const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.arc(50, 50, 30, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fill();

AI Tools for Frontend Developers

AI-assisted coding, design, and documentation.

Intermediate
1 examples

Prompting Example React

Using AI to generate UI code.

"Generate a responsive navbar with Tailwind and React."

Career Growth

Build portfolio, contribute to open source, interview prep.

Beginner
1 examples

Portfolio Checklist React

Must-have sections.

- Projects
- Case studies
- About me
- Contact form

Best Practices & Learning Tips

Learning approach

  • Start small: HTML → CSS → JS basics, then choose one framework.
  • Build projects: each project should teach one new concept.
  • Read source code: inspect frameworks and libraries to learn patterns.

Workflow tips

  • Use Git branches for features; write clear commit messages.
  • Automate linting and tests in CI to catch issues early.
  • Measure performance with Lighthouse and optimize the critical path.

Career tips

  • Maintain a focused portfolio with case studies and live demos.
  • Contribute to OSS and network in community channels.
  • Practice interviews and system design for frontend architecture.
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